谈谈“传奇”私服及其侵犯商业秘密的性质/史楠

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谈谈“传奇”私服及其侵犯商业秘密的性质
(作者:史楠 2004年1月)

前 言:“传奇世界,无限可能!”这恐怕是网络游戏“传奇”玩家最为熟知的一句广告语了,但这恰恰也成了“传奇”的一句谶语。2002年10月,传奇私服戏剧般的出现并在国内传奇般的蔓延,给传奇的中国运营商---盛大网络几近于一场灭顶之灾。此后,无论是法学界和法政界都明确表示私服是一种侵犯知识产权的行为,但对此专门的法律分析却甚少。早在2002年底,笔者就曾凭着好奇心尝试架设传奇私服,(当然是盗版程序,但限于网络知识欠缺 “不幸”没有成功)。这却引发了笔者对私服的思考:私服是什么,在法律上如何界定,是否侵权,如何侵权,谁在侵权等等。本文笔者凭着粗浅的游戏知识,对国内传奇私服涉嫌侵犯商业秘密行为的性质进行法律分析(当然也会讨论我们能否玩私服的问题),希望对工作有所裨益。
因本文不是对具体的既成法律事实的分析,而是从“传奇私服”这一技术性的有限客观事实出发进行法律上的探讨,在主题上偏于“义”而非“案”,所以客观上要求笔者使用适当的推理并且节省冗沓的法律界定。为避主观臆断之嫌,笔者在必要之处使用“推定”,希望各位同志(包括玩家)多多指教。

一、 网络游戏及传奇私服
私服不是一个法律名词,应是技术名词,但至今也没有明确的定义。最近且最高规格的解释应是2003年12月28日,国家工商总局、新闻出版总署等五部门联合召开的新闻发布会上的说法:所谓“私服”、“外挂”行为,是指未经授权和许可,破坏合法出版、他人享有著作权的互联网游戏作品的技术保护措施,私自架设服务器,运营或挂接运营这些网络游戏,从而谋取利益的行为。其性质也就是通常所说的盗版。“私服”、“外挂”严重侵犯著作权人和合法出版机构、运营机构的利益,扰乱网络游戏出版经营的正常秩序,给国家、企业和消费者造成巨大经济损失。(笔者认为“外挂”也构成侵权行为,鉴于外挂的问题更为复杂,本文不作分析,可以续文讨论)。笔者认为私服是相对于“官服”而言,简言之就是未经合法授权私自架设的网络游戏服务器。
《传奇》英文名《Legend of Mir 2:Three Heroes》,由韩国Wemade Entertainment Co.,Ltd和Actoz Soft Co.,Ltd(以下简称韩方)联合开发,2001年9月由上海盛大网络发展有限公司(以下简称盛大)取得韩方授权成为中国大陆独家运营商,是至今国内最具影响力的网络游戏之一。2002年9月,该游戏的早期英文版服务端程序源代码发生泄密并流入英国,英国最大的两家游戏网站“龙站”和“凤凰站”开通免费下载频道,该程序随后流入中国,并被利用架设起私人服务器。此所谓传奇私服事件。
谈到私服,还应当从网络游戏说起。网络游戏与传统单机版游戏在游戏方式、运营模式等方面都有很大差异。传统单机版游戏,玩家是在已经预设好的情节中进行独自一人的生活体验,所以单机版中故事情节的继续是由所有的NPC(非玩家角色)共同推动,而玩家只是在这些NPC营造的氛围中去感受,网络游戏就不同了,它使玩家在网络上与其他地位相同的玩家进行着一场虚拟社会性生存体验。游戏中的一切情节都是由不同玩家在彼此心照不宣的情况下发生并共同推动的。游戏中的NPC都只是为玩家展开故事而营造的附属产品。而这些NPC和虚拟的社会环境要由网络公司通过唯一的“服务器端程序”统一提供。不同的游戏方式,决定了游戏的运营方式也是不同的。单机版游戏玩家要购买的是游戏公司既设的独一无二的NPC内容载体,也就是我们常说的游戏光碟;而网络游戏玩家要购买的是参加虚拟生存体验的机会,从理论上讲,只要不停的购买,这个机会是无限的,(当然前提是先有客户端程序才能登录)。目前国内网络游戏大部分是以免费或者成本价推广游戏客户端程序,然后通过销售游戏点卡收取服务费和电信提成的方式赢利。所以玩家在拿到游戏后是否真正去购买厂商的游戏点卡就成为一个网络游戏公司是否能赚到钱的衡量标准了。
举个开玩笑式但很形像的例子,现在的无线网络通信运营商(例如移动、联通之类)架设机站(实际是包括服务器在内的机组),组成无线网络,并通过相应的配置或软件控制该网络的频率、通话内容等等。运营商以很低的价格向我们提供手机SIM卡,我们把它装入手机并通过它登录到相应的无线网络中进行通信。结果是我们得定期缴纳话费,这才是移动通信公司的滚滚财源。假如我私自架设机站、设置频率,在一定范围内建立了网络并免费推销自己的SIM卡,我一定保证话费优惠且单向收费,我相信会有一大批用户从130和139中转到我的网络中来,我也会源源不断的挣到通信费的。可惜我这样现在是违法的!其实网络游戏并无二异,手机相当于玩游戏的电脑,通信网络好比互联网,通话和短信比如你的游戏,SIM卡当然是你的“客户端程序”(简称CP),那一座座矗立的无线发射塔就像“传奇”在各地的几百组“官方服务器”,而运营商严密的控制系统无疑是“服务器端程序”(简称SP),当然让你既爱又恨的话费充值卡就是那游戏点数卡喽。
可以看出,网络游戏至关重要的是SP。因为,从理论上讲,只要保证唯一的SP,运营商就会在一定范围内垄断该游戏,从而无限可能的获取收益。所谓“唯一”,当然是指运营商在一定范围内的单方拥有和控制,不允许另外的SP出现,因此运营商会想方设法的维持SP的秘密性。这就是SP(包括源代码)推定商业秘密性的根本原因。比尔.盖茨只所以能从Windows软件中源源不断的收益版权费,就是因为微软牢牢控制着Windows的源代码,这一“镇山之宝”。但SP比Windows更高明,Windows应用程序包无数次的被每一张正版CD盘“和盘托出”,可以说每生产一张正版Windows,就为盗版者多提供一个机会;而SP在一定范围内是唯一的,原则上只要保密得力就不可能被盗版。这也正是饱尝盗版之苦的国内游戏商纷纷把网络游戏当作救命稻草的原因,但刚刚透出曙光的中国游戏产业却又陷入了私服的阴霾。

二、 国内“传奇”私服运营者侵犯商业秘密行为性质
看了以上文字,有人也许会提出“传奇”是韩国人开发的,其知识产权所有人是韩国公司,是不是我们保护的范围?答案是肯定的,这里有个跨国知识产权保护的问题。中国已加入WTO,并参加了《与贸易有关的知识产权协议》(TRIPS),其中所规定的“未披露的信息”实质与商业秘密一致。根据世贸组织的“国民待遇”原则,其它缔约国的权利主体在本国境内享有与本国权利主体同等的待遇,韩方因此有能力在中国境内寻求保护。(但根据世贸组织规定,我国作为发展中国家可以延迟5年实施TRIPS,所以笔者也可以暂时回避这个问题,作后文讨论)。同时,本文笔者认为盛大作为“传奇”的中国大陆独家运营商,其有关权利也应当受到保护,并着重论及于此。
(一) 商业秘密的涵义和判断标准。依据《反不正当竞争法》第十条和《关于禁止侵犯商业秘密行为的若干规定》第二条的规定,商业秘密是指不为公众所知悉、能为权利人带来经济利益、具有实用性并经权利人采取保密措施的技术信息和经营信息。包括设计资料、程序、产品配方、制作工艺、制作方法、管理诀窍、客户名单、货源情报、产销策略等。
从中看出,技术信息和经营信息是商业秘密的范围,也是商业秘密的形式要件,也就是说商业秘密必须是技术或经营信息的一种。商业秘密的内容要件包括:1、不为公众知悉,是指该信息是不能从公开渠道直接获取的;2、能为权利人带来经济利益,具有实用性,是指该信息具有可确定的可应用性,能为权利人带来现实的或者潜在的经济利益或者竞争优势;3、权利人采取保密措施,包括订立保密协议,建立保密制度及采取其他合理的保密措施;4、同时,以上条件中暗含有一“权利人”的问题,即主体要件,《反不正当竞争法》调整经营者之间的关系,所以权利主体应是经营者。依据《刑法》第二百一十九条第四款“权利人即商业秘密的所有人和经商业秘密所有人许可的商业秘密使用人”。因此,商业秘密的权利主体可以是作为所有权人的经营者,也可以是作为合法使用权人的经营者。
(二) 盛大运营“传奇”应推定属于其官方服务器端程序及源代码商业秘密使用权人。韩国方面授权盛大在中国大陆独家运营《传奇》网络游戏。该网络游戏软件的授权合同经国家版权局登记认证,有效期自2002年3月27日至2003年6月29日(现已续约)。笔者认为,根据TRIPS的国民待遇原则,韩国方面作为该游戏软件的所有权人,其知识产权可以也应当受到中国法律的保护。1、不言而喻,既然是授权独家运营,官方服务器端程序及源代码符合“不为公众知悉”的性质;2、“能为权利人带来经济利益”、“具有实用性”,这不用说已经是现实了;3、同时可以推知,韩国方面和盛大应对该程序已“采取保密措施”;4、另外,该程序是属一种典型的技术信息。由此看出,盛大所运营“传奇”的官方服务器端程序及源代码应推定为商业秘密。相应的,盛大是该商业秘密的合法使用权人。
(三) 国内传奇私服运营者推定视为侵犯商业秘密。《反不正当竞争法》第十条第二款规定:“第三人明知或应知前款所列违法行为,获取、使用或者披露他人的商业秘密,视为侵犯商业秘密”。
笔者在此进行一次“反向工程”的法律分析,首先分析“获取、使用或者披露”行为。笔者认为,在国内传奇私服产生和传播过程中至少存在以下几种行为:1、直接从互联网上下载获取传奇SP源代码;2、对该源代码进行修改、编译、汉化及升级;3、利用编译的SP目标程序自行架设或者提供架设私服技术服务的;4、利用编译的SP目标程序制作、加工光盘等载体;5、在网上提供SP目标程序下载服务;6、传奇私服玩家。笔者认为除第6种外,实施上述某种或某几种行为并直接或间接用于经营的组织和个人是“私服的运营者”,其行为构成了“获取、使用或者披露”行为。
“明知或者应知前款所列违法行为”。前款是指第十条第一款规定:经营者不得采取下列手段侵犯商业秘密:(一)。。。。。。;(二)。。。。。。;(三)。。。。。。(略)。该款的行为是典型的侵权行为,同时也是第二款规定行为的行为要件。也就是说,第二款规定行为的定性要以第一款规定行为的存在为要件。
笔者认为第一款规定行为推定存在,这种推定既包括事实推定也包括法律推定。前面已经论及在法律上可以推定韩国方面是传奇SP源代码的原始权利人,盛大是既受权利人。但其原始权利人是韩方公司法人,是不是《反不正当竞争法》保护的对象呢?传奇私服事件已成了公知的事实之后,韩方多次提出声明并授权打击私服,而且已提请警方介入调查。没有任何理由相信这是“贼喊捉贼”的游戏,根据一般事实原则,可以推定传奇SP源代码的被故意或重大过失泄露的事实存在。虽然无证据表明这一行为是国内组织和个人所为,(且有证据表明是境外行为),笔者认为根据世贸组织TRIPS协议的“国民待遇”原则进行法律推定,认定韩国方面的商业秘密的所有权权利已受到侵犯。
关于“第三人”和“明知或者应知”的问题,这又是一个法律推定的问题。很显然,国内私服运营者不是第一款规定行为的行为人,只能是推定的第三人;而从运营者的SP来源,对传奇的游戏知识,对私服事实的知晓和其营利动机上可以推知其“明知或者应知”。
而以上的终结结论可以是:国内传奇私服运营者的行为推定视为侵犯商业秘密。

后 记:《法制日报》2003年9月24日第7版登载了《网上下载软件是否侵权》的文章。宁夏某工商局查处某公司利用公司服务器架设传奇私服为网民提供经营性游戏服务侵犯商业秘密案在当地法院被判决一审败诉,但令人啼笑的是法院审理认为:“韩国公司和盛大网络公司关于《传奇》网络游戏的相关权利,应受法律保护。##公司未经韩国公司和盛大网络公司授权,在网上运行《传奇》网络游戏,并收取费用,其行为侵犯了韩国公司和盛大公司的相关权利,是违法的。”法院的判决虽然撤销了工商机关的行政处罚,但认定该公司的行为侵权,理由只是证据不足。笔者没有亲历该案,但总感到法院的判决中透着几分无奈。为什么证据不足?而国家工商总局、新闻出版署等五部委于2003年12月28日联合下发了“关于开展对‘私服’、‘外挂’专项治理的通知”,要求各部门协同打击私服。这一来一往的又印证了什么呢?
因笔者此文重于讲“道”而非定“案”,其中主观意见“泛滥”,又加仓促成文,难免好比“私服”服务的破绽百出,如能吸引现在“官服”上的各位同志“登录”到此一游,并“下载”和“编译”,笔者将不胜庆幸!

-----笔者2004年1月于江苏省徐州市


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Special Review and Approval Procedure for Drug Registration of the State Food and Drug Administration

Commissioner of SFDA


Special Review and Approval Procedure for Drug Registration of the State Food and Drug Administration



(SFDA Decree No. 21)

The Special Review and Approval Procedure for Drug Registration of the State Food and Drug Administration, adopted at the executive meeting of the State Food and Drug Administration (SFDA) on November 18, 2005, is hereby promulgated and shall go into effect as of the date of promulgation.


Shao Mingli
Commissioner of SFDA
November 18, 2005





Special Review and Approval Procedure for Drug Registration of the State Food and
Drug Administration


Chapter 1 General Provisions

Article 1 This Procedure is formulated for the purpose of effective prevention, timely control and elimination of the hazards of public health emergencies to ensure the health and safety of the public in accordance with the Drug Administration Law of the People’s Republic of China, Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Regulations for Implementation of the Drug Administration Law of the People’s Republic of China, Regulations on Preparedness for and Response to Emergent Public Health Hazards, and other relevant laws and regulations.

Article 2 The special review and approval procedure for drug registration refers to the procedure and requirements of the State Food and Drug Administration to carry out special review and approval of drugs for handling public heath emergencies under the principle of unified leadership, early involvement, expeditiousness and efficiency, and scientific review and approval, in an effort to approve drugs for the prevention and treatment of public health emergencies as soon as possible under the threat or after the occurrence of public heath emergencies.

Article 3 The State Food and Drug Administration may, according to law, decide to follow the Procedure to conduct special review and approval of drugs for public health emergencies in any of the following circumstances:
(1) Where the President of the People’s Republic of China declares a state of emergency or the State Council decides that certain areas within a province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government are in a state of emergency;
(2) Where the contingency program for public health emergencies is initiated according to law;
(3) Where the drug reserve department or the health administrative department of the State Council proposes a special review and approval for drugs having existing national drug standard;
(4) Other circumstances applicable to special review and approval.

Article 4 The State Food and Drug Administration is responsible for the review and approval of clinical trials, production and importation of drugs for the prevention and treatment of public health emergencies.

The (food and) drug regulatory department of a province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government shall, upon entrustment of the State Food and Drug Administration, be responsible for on-site inspection and sampling of the pilot products of the drugs for the prevention and treatment of public health emergencies.


Chapter 2 Application Acceptance and On-site Inspection

Article 5 Where the special review and approval procedure for drug registration is initiated, the State Food and Drug Administration is responsible for the acceptance of registration applications for drugs for public health emergencies.

Where a drug or a preventive biological product for public health emergencies has not been marketed in China, the applicant shall, before submission of the registration application, provide the State Food and Drug Administration with relevant research and development information.

Article 6 The applicant shall submit a registration application with relevant technical dossier to the State Food and Drug Administration according to the relevant provisions and requirements on administration of drug registration.

The registration application for drug for public health emergencies may be submitted in electronic form.

Article 7 Before submitting an application for registration, the applicant may provide a feasibility assessment application with general information and relevant explanations. The State Food and Drug Administration shall only comment on the scientific rationality and feasibility of the drug project, and respond within 24 hours.

The response to a feasibility assessment application shall be neither deemed as the review and approval opinion nor legally binding on the review and approval result of a registration application.

Article 8 The State Food and Drug Administration shall organize an expert group to evaluate and review the registration application for drug for the prevention and treatment of public health emergencies, make a decision within 24 hours on whether or not to accept the application, and notify the applicant.

Article 9 Where a registration application is accepted, the State Food and Drug Administration shall organize technical review of submitted dossier within 24 hours and at the same time notify the (food and) drug regulatory department of the province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government where the applicant is located to conduct an on-site inspection on drug research and development conditions, and organize sampling and testing of pilot products.

The (food and) drug regulatory department of the province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government shall, within five days, submit the on-site inspection result and relevant opinion to the State Food and Drug Administration.

Article 10 The (food and) drug regulatory department of the province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government shall organize staff from the departments of drug registration, drug safety and inspection, etc. to participate in the on-site inspection.

The National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products shall be notified to send staff to participate in the on-site inspection and sampling of preventive biological products.

Article 11 For drugs that have existing national standards for the prevention and treatment of public health emergencies, the State Food and Drug Administration may directly review and approve the drug in accordance with the relevant provisions in Chapter 6 of the Procedure when it deems there is no need for a clinical trial in accordance with law.

Article 12 With respect to the registration application for a specific vaccine, where only the original virus strain used in the manufacturing is changed while the manufacturing processes or quality specifications are maintained, the State Food and Drug Administration shall make a decision on whether or not to grant the approval within three days after verifying the changed strain used in the manufacturing.


Chapter 3 Testing for Registration

Article 13 After receiving the samples taken by the (food and) drug regulatory department of a province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government, the drug testing institution shall immediately organize verification of specifications and laboratory testing on the samples.

The drug testing institution shall complete the testing within the time frame for the drug being applied.

Article 14 For a drug applied first time for marketing, the State Food and Drug Administration may, when necessary, make early involvement by appointing the National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products to communicate with the applicant prior to testing for registration so as to timely resolve technical problems which may arise in the process of quality specifications verification and laboratory testing.

With respect to preventive biological products used to prevent and control the epidemic of serious infectious diseases, the State Food and Drug Administration may, depending on the situation, allow the testing for registration and the manufacturer’s self-testing to be performed in parallel.

Article 15 After completion of the specifications verification and laboratory testing on a drug, the drug testing institution shall, within two days, issue its verification opinion and submit it along with the drug test report to the State Food and Drug Administration.


Chapter 4 Technical Review

Article 16 The State Food and Drug Administration shall, within 15 days after acceptance of the registration application for drug for the prevention and treatment in public health emergencies, complete the first round of technical review.

Article 17 Where the State Food and Drug Administration considers that additional data are needed, it shall immediately inform the applicant of the content and timeline.

Where the applicant submits the supplementary data within the specified timeline, the State Food and Drug Administration shall complete the technical review within three days, or, depending on the situations, organize another review meeting within five days, and then complete the review report within two days.


Chapter 5 Clinical Trial

Article 18 Where the technical review is completed, the State Food and Drug Administration shall, within three days, complete the administrative examination, make a decision and inform the applicant.

Where the State Food and Drug Administration decides to approve a clinical trial, it shall issue a Drug Clinical Trial Approval. Where it decides not to approve, it shall issue a Disapproval Notice with reasons.

Article 19 Where an applicant obtains a clinical trial approval, it shall conduct the trial strictly following the relevant requirements in the approval document, and comply with the Good Clinical Practice.

Article 20 Drug clinical trials shall be conducted in institutions legally certified for drug clinical trials. If a clinical trial has to be conducted by an institution not yet certified, a special approval by the State Food and Drug Administration should be obtained.

The application for a clinical trial conducted by an institution not yet certified for drug clinical trials may be submitted along with the application for drug registration.

Article 21 The investigator responsible for a drug clinical trial shall, in accordance with the relevant provisions, timely report adverse events occurred in the process of the clinical trial to the State Food and Drug Administration. If no adverse event occurs, the investigator shall collect relevant information and report to the State Food and Drug Administration monthly.

Article 22 The State Food and Drug Administration shall, in accordance with law, supervise and inspect the clinical trials of drugs for public health emergencies.


Chapter 6 Review, Approval and Monitoring of Drug Production

Article 23 The applicant shall, after completion of the drug clinical trials, submit the relevant data to the State Food and Drug Administration in accordance with the Provisions for Drug Registration.

Article 24 The State Food and Drug Administration shall, within 24 hours after receiving data submitted by the applicant, organize technical review, and at the same time notify the (food and) drug regulatory department of the province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government where the applicant is located to conduct the on-site inspection on the drug manufacturing conditions, and organize the sampling and testing of pilot products.

The (food and) drug regulatory department of the province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government shall, within five days, submit the result and opinion of the on-site inspection to the State Food and Drug Administration.

Article 25 Any newly-established drug manufacturer or manufacturer with newly-built manufacturing workshops or newly-added dosage forms for production may apply to the State Food and Drug Administration for a certificate of the Good Manufacturing Practice along with the application for drug registration. The State Food and Drug Administration shall, when conducting the drug registration review, immediately carry out an inspection on the Good Manufacturing Practice certification.

Article 26 The drug testing institution shall, after receiving the samples of three batches taken by the (food and) drug regulatory department of the province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government, immediately arrange the testing.

Upon completion of testing, the drug testing institution shall, within two days, complete the test report and submit it to the State Food and Drug Administration.

Article 27 The State Food and Drug Administration shall carry out technical review in accordance with Chapter 4 of the Procedure, and shall, within three days after the completion of the technical review, complete the administrative examination, make a decision and inform the applicant.
Where the State Food and Drug Administration decides to approve the drug, it shall issue the Letter of Approval for Drug Registration, and may grant an approval number for the drug at the same time if the applicant has appropriate manufacturing conditions; if it decides to disapprove the manufacturing, it shall issue a Disapproval Notice with reasons.

Article 28 Where a drug manufacturer or distributor, or a medical and health institution finds any new or serious adverse drug reaction or cluster adverse reaction relating to a specially approved drug for public health emergencies, it shall immediately report the case to the local (food and) drug regulatory department of the province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government, the health administrative department at the provincial level and the professional institution for adverse drug reactions monitoring.

The professional institution for adverse drug reactions monitoring shall regard drugs specially approved for public health emergencies as critically monitored products, analyze the collected case reports in accordance with the relevant provisions and timely report to the (food and) drug regulatory department of the province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government and the State Food and Drug Administration.

The State Food and Drug Administration shall reinforce the reevaluation of approved drugs for public health emergencies after they are marketed.


Chapter 7 Supplementary Provisions

Article 29 The measures for special review and approval of the medical devices for public health emergencies shall be separately formulated by the State Food and Drug Administration with reference to the relevant provisions of the Procedure.

Article 30 The Procedure shall go into effect as of the date of promulgation.





全国人民代表大会常务委员会组成人员守则

全国人民代表大会常务委员会


全国人民代表大会常务委员会组成人员守则
全国人大常委会


(1993年7月2日第八届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第二次通过)


第一条 为了加强常委会组织制度建设,使常委会组成人员更好地履行职责,依据宪法和法律的有关规定,制定本守则。
第二条 常委会组成人员必须维护全国人民的根本利益和共同意志,坚持人民代表大会制度,致力于社会主义民主和法制建设,模范地遵守宪法和法律,全心全意为人民服务,自觉地接受全国人民代表大会代表和人民群众的监督。
第三条 常委会组成人员要努力学习建设有中国特色社会主义的理论,熟悉宪法和法律,掌握行使职权所必备的知识。
第四条 常委会组成人员必须切实履行职责,努力工作,其他社会活动要服从常委会工作需要。
第五条 常委会组成人员必须出席常委会会议。因病或其他特殊原因,不能出席常委会全体会议的应通过常委会办公厅向委员长请假,不能出席常委会分组会议的应向分组会议召集人请假。
每次会议由办公厅将会议出席情况印发常委会组成人员。
第六条 常委会组成人员在常委会各种会议上的发言和表决不受法律追究。
常委会组成人员在常委会的各种会议上,应当遵守议事规则和其他有关程序性的规定。
第七条 常委会会议举行前,常委会组成人员应就会议议题做好审议准备。
常委会组成人员在常委会分组会议上的发言,应围绕会议议题进行。
第八条 常委会组成人员必须参加对议案的表决,并服从依法表决的结果。
会议主持人宣布议案交付表决后,常委会组成人员不得再对该议案发表意见,但与表决有关的程序问题,不在此限。
第九条 常委会组成人员要依照规定参加常委会组织的视察活动。视察时不直接处理问题;所带工作人员要力求精干。
第十条 常委会组成人员要密切联系群众,经常进行调查研究,听取群众意见和要求,向全国人大常委会反映情况。
第十一条 参加专门委员会的常委会组成人员,应当积极从事专门委员会的工作,遵守专门委员会的工作规则和制度。
第十二条 常委会组成人员要保持清正廉洁,不准牟取不正当收益。
第十三条 常委会组成人员要严守国家机密。凡属规定不应公开的内容,不得以任何方式传播。
第十四条 常委会组成人员在外事活动中,应模范遵守外事纪律,维护国家尊严和利益。
第十五条 常委会组成人员严重违反本守则的,应向委员长会议作出检查。
第十六条 本守则自通过之日起施行。


1993年7月2日